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Virtual scenarios for cardiac surgery are developed and improved within projects’ activities of the authors and their primary aim is to foster development of critical thinking in students of medical and healthcare disciplines. Individual patient simulations contribute to the case-based learning approach that is learning style close to the needs of practice. Furthermore, we expect their better preparation for bedside teaching.

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Cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by the accumulation of fluid or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and therefore decreased cardiac output (Figure 1). The condition is a medical emergency with resultant cardiogenic shock and death if not treated immediately. The presented case report describes a 63-year-old oncological patient who developed cardiac tamponade with the need of pericardiocentesis.

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Short presentation about congenital heart diseases, fetal circulation, transitorial, neonatal, normal pediatric circulation. Symptoms of congenital heart diseases are persistent unexplained central cyanosis or desaturation – even if mild initially, desaturation or cyanosis that does not improve with oxygen or ventilation, a significant persistent difference in upper and lower limb saturations, congestive heart failure (newborn, infants),cyanosis, cardiomegaly, poor growth, arrythmias, murmurs, respiratory syndrome, bronchitis. This short presentation also includes diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases.

Thoracic Surgery - Surgery of The Chest Wall, Pleura, Lungs, Trachea, Mediastinum and Oesophagus. Deformities. Pectus excavatum. Pectus carinatum. Polands syndrome. Sternal cleft. Chest wall tumors. Clinical presentation and diagnosis. Therapy. Pleural effusions. Etiology. Diagnosis. Treatment. Malignant. Empyema. Patophysiology. Chylothorax. Pneumothorax - spontaneous, traumatic and latrogenic. VTS. Tension pneumothorax. Pleural tumors. Bening pleural mesothelioma. Malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lungs. Bacterial infections. Tuberculosis. Fungal infections of the Lung. Lung Cancer. Pathology. Symptoms. Pulmonary metastases. Tracheostomy. Postintubational tracheal injury. Neoplasms of Trachea. Mediastinitis. Primary neoplasms and Cysts. Classification. Anatomic localisation. Compression and invasion sympltoms. Disorders of esophageal motility. Achalasia. Diverticula of Esophagus. Benign tumors and Cysts of Esophagus. Esophageal Carcinoma. Perforation of Esophagus.

Lectures for students of general medicine as supplementary education material specifying basic surgical topics in the study subject Surgery 6. The lectures include those topics: Burns; Orthopedy; Urology; Oncosurgery; Pediatric Surgery; Vessel and heart Surgery; Resuscitation and intensive care; Acute Abdomen; Chest and mediastinum Surgery; Transport Principles of patients and injured under shock, unconsciousness and with a spine injury; Neurosurgery.

Lectures are intended for students of general medicine as supplementary education material of Surgery 2. The lectures include: Surgery of the neck, thyroid gland and parathyroid gland; Surgery of the thoracic wall; Surgery of the breast; Surgery of the mediastinum, esophagus and diaphragm and many other related topics.

Lectures are devoted to students of the fifth year of study - Dental medicine. The lectures include the topics: thoracic surgery; orthopedy; emergency situations in abdominal diseases; surgery of infection, oncosurgery; trauma surgery; neurosurgery; surgery of stomack; small intestinum and large intestinum; hepatobilliary surgery; surgery of the breast, endocrine diseases in surgery; cardiovascular surgery.

Lectures are devoted to students of the third year of study - Dental medicine. The lectures include the topics : Introduction to Surgery-propedeutic study; History development of surgery; Basic principles of clinical examination; Priciples of antisepsis and asepsis; Desinfection and sterilisation in surgical ward and in all health care facilities; Basis methods of anasthesia; Types of anaesthesia (anaesthesia, premedication, general anaesthesia, endotracheal anaesthesia); Principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Operative wound healing; Type of wounds; Primary and secondary wound healing; Operative wound complications; Infections in surgery, causes , clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment.

Lectures are intended for students of dental medicine as supplementary education material of Surgery 3. The lectures include: Head and neck surgery. Soft tissue inflammation. Cysts and fistula of the neck; Surgery of the thyroid gland, goiter – toxic and nontoxic, malignancy of the thyroid gland; Surgery of the thoracic wall, lung, pleura, esophagus and mediastinum; Hernia. Surgery of the stomach and duodenum.

Virtual scenarios for surgery are developed and improved within projects’ activities of the authors and their primary aim is to foster development of critical thinking in students of medical and healthcare disciplines. Individual patient simulations contribute to the case-based learning approach that is learning style close to the needs of practice. Furthermore, we expect their better preparation for bedside teaching.

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Lectures for students of general medicine as supplementary education material specifying basic orthopedic topics in the study subject Surgery. The lectures include Avascular bone necrosis; Congenital musculoskeletal deformities, Deformities of spine, Diseases of muscles and tendons, Infection of musculoskeletal system, Limb length discrepancy, Metabolic bone diseases, Neuromuscular disorders, Orthopedics – definition, Osteoarthritis, Static deformities of foot, Tissue engineering in orthopaedics and Tumors.

Virtual scenarios for vascular surgery are developed and improved within projects’ activities of the authors and their primary aim is to foster development of critical thinking in students of medical and healthcare disciplines. Individual patient simulations contribute to the case-based learning approach that is learning style close to the needs of practice. Furthermore, we expect their better preparation for bedside teaching.

Are the virtual patient cases useful for you? Would you also require virtual patients from other clinical disciplines? Do you have any comments or suggestions for improvement? Please provide your feedback by filling out a short questionnaire.

The basic principles of plastic surgery as coverage of skin defect, direct closure, skin grafts, flaps, classification, configuration, components, circulation, complication and basic principles of microsurgery and replantation surgery as introduction, amputation, replantation, revascularization, indication, treatment, transport, monitoring, complication and hand surgery.