Symptoms, signs and investigation of urogenital system disorders

Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs. Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis).

Subspecialties may include urologic surgery, urologic oncology and urologic oncological surgery, endourology and endourologic surgery, urogynecology and urogynecologic surgery, reconstructive urologic surgery, minimally invasive urologic surgery, pediatric urology and pediatric urologic surgery, transplant urology (concerned with transplantation of organs), voiding dysfunction, neurourology, androurology and sexual medicine. Examination of the patient is essential and very important step. The history is divided into: Family history, Personal history, Occupational and social history, Present illness, Current history of why and for what reason the patient has been visited by the urologist or, was sent for urological examination. The urological examination begins with: Overall and local examination of the patient as in internal medicine, Local or special urological examination - examination of the patient with a focus on pathological urological findings, examination of the abdominal area, genitalia in a man. prostate examination per rectum -digital rectal examination.

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