Cardiology, Angiology

Virtual scenarios for cardiac surgery are developed and improved within projects’ activities of the authors and their primary aim is to foster development of critical thinking in students of medical and healthcare disciplines. Individual patient simulations contribute to the case-based learning approach that is learning style close to the needs of practice. Furthermore, we expect their better preparation for bedside teaching.

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Virtual scenarios for cardiology are developed and improved within projects’ activities of the authors and their primary aim is to foster development of critical thinking in students of medical and healthcare disciplines. Individual patient simulations contribute to the case-based learning approach that is learning style close to the needs of practice. Furthermore, we expect their better preparation for bedside teaching.

Are the virtual patient cases useful for you? Would you also require virtual patients from other clinical disciplines? Do you have any comments or suggestions for improvement? Please provide your feedback by filling out a short questionnaire.

A breach in the integrity of the aortic wall allows arterial blood to enter the media, which is then split into two layers, creating a “false lumen“ alongside the existing or “true lumen“. The primary event is often a spontaneous or iatrogenic tear in the intima of the aorta. Disease of the aorta and hypertension are the most important aetiological factors. The aortic dissection is a relatively rare condition, but it may rupture and have fatal consequences. The case report describes a dissection of the descending aorta in a 55-year-old patient.

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Cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by the accumulation of fluid or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and therefore decreased cardiac output (Figure 1). The condition is a medical emergency with resultant cardiogenic shock and death if not treated immediately. The presented case report describes a 63-year-old oncological patient who developed cardiac tamponade with the need of pericardiocentesis.

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Myocarditis is an acute inflammatory condition that can have an infectious, toxic or autoimmune aetiology. Myocarditis can complicate many infections in which inflammation may be due directly to infection of the myocardium or the effects of circulating toxins. The clinical picture ranges from a symptomless disorder, sometimes recognised by the presence of an inappropriate tachycardia or abnormal ECG, to fulminant heart failure. Myocarditis may be heralded by an influenza-like illness. In most patients, the disease is self-limiting and the immediate prognosis is excellent. However, death may occur due to a ventricular arrhythmia or rapidly progressive heart failure. Myocarditis has been reported as a cause of sudden and unexpected death in young athletes. Some forms of myocarditis may lead to chronic low-grade myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy. The case report describes a case of parainfectious myocarditis in a 20-year-old patient.

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The case report describes the hospitalization of a 63-year-old patient admitted to the Department of heart surgery for mitral valve stenosis with diagnosed atrial fibrillation. The patient underwent mitral valve replacement and MAZE procedure. At the postoperative period, paroxysm of atrial fibrillation was successfully detected with a successful version. On the tenth postoperative day, the patient was placed in outpatient care.

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The case study describes the hospitalization of women with aortic valve stenosis and secondary regurgitation of the tricuspid valve. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement by bioprosthesis and repair surgery of the tricuspid valve. The postoperative course was complicated by pneumohorax on the right side. Drainage was performed. The patient was placed in outpatient care on the eighth postoperative day.

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The case report describes the hospitalization of a 50-year-old man who underwent surgery for a constrictive pericarditis at a younger age. Current CT and ultrasonographic findings confirmed the recurrence of this disease. Partial pericardectomy was performed with the release of the left ventricular diaphragm wall in particular. The postoperative period was complicated by ventricular fibrillation with high speed response of chambers. After successful cardioversion, the patient was released to outpatient care on the seventh postoperative day.

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The case report describes the hospitalization of a 58 year old male admitted to our department for documented ischemic heart disease with affection of three coronary arteries. The patient underwent a cardiac surgery with the formation of one bypass with arterial graft and one bypass with venous graft. In the postoperative period, fibrillation of atrial fibrillation with successful cardioversion was noted. The patient was admitted to outpatient care on the seventh postoperative day.

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The case report describes the hospitalization of a 26 year old male with M. Barlow. The mitral valvuloplasty was performed. However, the peroperative ultrasonographic finding documented prolapse of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve into the outflow tract of left ventricle. The surgery was supplemented with a suture of the A2-PA segments of mitral valve. The subsequent finding was satisfactory. No more serious postoperative complications were noted. The patient was admitted to outpatient care on the eighth postoperative day.

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