Materials for Lectures

Lectures are devoted to students of the 1st year of study - General medicine. The students can find here all lectures of upper limb (skeleton, joints, muscles, arteries, veins, lymphatic drainage and regional anatomy, lower limb (skeleton, joints, muscles, arteries, veins, lymphatic drainage and regional anatomy), thorax (thoracic wall, mediastinum, heart), abdomen (abdominal wall, peritoneum) and respiratory and digestive systems.

Complement is a system of more than 30 serum and membrane proteins. It represents part of the non-specific humoral immune response. The immune reaction is triggered after the cascade activation of complement components. The lecture explains basic terms, complement activation pathways, regulatory components of complement, basic functions, deficiencies of complement and possibilities of laboratory diagnostics of complement.

In diagnostics of infectious diseases direct and indirect diagnostic methods are used. Direct diagnostics allows to visualize microorganisms as agents of infection, indirect diagnostics allows to detect reactions of the macroorganism to the presence of the microorganism. Indirect diagnostics is focused on cellular immunity (skin tests), in which specific antibodies are demonstrated by serological reactions. The lecture is devoted to the explanation of basic terms (antigen, antibody, serological reaction, its course, evaluation) and the classification of serological reactions, which are used in clinical microbiology in the diagnosis of infectious disease agents. An illustrative image or procedure, reaction principle and specific examples of use are available for individual reactions.

Genetic information is stored in all cells in the form of a DNA, nucleic acid molecule. A segment of DNA that codes for a molecule with a specific function is a gene. It represents the basic unit of genetic information. In bacteria, DNA is most often found in the form of one chromosome and several smaller plasmids.

These presentations included here represent a series of the second group of lectures for students of Dental Medicine in the first year of study. Lectures are dedicated to understand the regional anatomy of head and neck, including the skull, cervical vertebrae and their connections, as well as parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The muscles, vessels, and nerves of the head and neck are described, as well as the topographical anatomy of the structures of the head and neck. Sensory organs, endocrine system, and skin are also presented here.

Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemias. Anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapy. Blood transfusion. Haemostasis and its disorders. Investigation methods in gastroenterology and hepatology. Diseases of the oesophagus. Disorders of the stomach and doudenum. Disorders of the small bowel. Malabsorption. Inflammatory bowel diseases. Tumours of the small and large bowel. The Pancreas Disorders of the gallbladder and biliary tract. Chronic hepatitis. Liver tumors Acute states in gastroenterology. Metabolic and toxic liver diseases. Liver cirrhosis. Hepatic failure. Immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory and immunosupressive treatment. Treatment with glucocorticoids.

Ophthalmology lectures provide general overview and information about anatomy, physiology, pathologies and their treatment of each structure of the eyeball and  its protective structures. These lecture notes represent basic material for Ophthalmology study and are intended for students of doctoral study programs.

The presentations included here represent a series of lectures for students of Dental Medicine in the first year of study. Individual lectures correlate with recent curriculum of the course and have to be used especially as auxiliary education material specifying basic structures of all presented topics.

Topics for practical lessons from Anatomy 2 are developed for foreign students of General Medicine and are arranged into weeks according to the study plan. Individual topics include abdominal wall, organs of abdomen and pelvis, peritoneum, pelvic floor, skull, muscles of head and neck, vessels and nerves of head and neck, and neuroanatomy.

This contribution presents a set of educational videos designed for the study of topics involved in the subject of Anatomy 2. The videos contain records of individual anatomical structures and provide the possibility of individual preparation for practical exercises. They are intended for students of general medicine.