Neurology

The lecture focuses on the anatomy, function, and disorders of the extrapyramidal system and cerebellum. It covers the clinical manifestations, classification, and differential diagnosis of movement disorders, including parkinsonism, tremor, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, and tics. The lecture also addresses balance and coordination disorders, different types of ataxia, and their clinical differentiation. Emphasis is placed on the recognition of neurological symptoms, comprehensive neurological examination, and the importance of accurate diagnosis in identifying the underlying causes of movement disorders.

The lecture provides a comprehensive overview of the cranial nerves I–XII, including their anatomical origin, nuclei in the brainstem, course, and main branches. Emphasis is placed on their motor, sensory, and parasympathetic functions, as well as their role in everyday neurological practice. Special attention is given to the clinical examination of cranial nerves, with practical demonstrations of testing methods. The annotation also includes a discussion of the most frequent pathological findings and syndromes associated with cranial nerve lesions, highlighting their diagnostic significance in neurological disorders.

The lecture focuses on headaches, their classification, diagnosis, and treatment. It distinguishes between primary and secondary headaches, emphasizing their high prevalence in the general population and their importance in clinical practice. Special attention is given to “red flag” symptoms that may indicate serious secondary causes, as well as to a structured approach to patient history and evaluation of headache characteristics.

The lecture deals with Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders as part of extrapyramidal diseases. Parkinson's disease is presented as a complex multi-organ and multi-neurotransmitter neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms, with dopamine deficiency playing a key role.

The presentation provides an overview of epileptic seizures, their types, underlying mechanisms, and the ILAE 2017 classification. It highlights the differences between focal and generalized seizures, as well as the importance of consciousness impairment in diagnosis and treatment decisions. It also outlines epilepsy syndromes in childhood, emphasizing conditions such as West syndrome, childhood absence epilepsy, and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.

The lecture for 4th-year general medicine students discusses vertebrogenic diseases of discopathy and degenerative, traumatic, as well as non-traumatic (inflammatory) spondylopathy etiology, leading to damage of structures such as the spinal cord and spinal nerves. It addresses the most common vertebrogenic pain syndromes.

This presentation explores neuroinfections, which are infections that affect the central and peripheral nervous system. Key topics include the major types of neuroinfections such as meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, neuritis, polyneuritis, radiculitis, polyradiculoneuritis and also neuroboreliosis and neurosyphylis. The last topic are brain abscesses. During the lecture were presented the main clinical features, diagnostic procedures, differential diagnosis and treatment.

The lecture focuses on a neurological perspective of clinically significant diseases affecting the central or peripheral nervous system. Prion diseases are rare, progressive neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS caused by the pathological conformation of prion proteins. The most common is Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. AIDP (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) is the most common form of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS).

Presentation on Brain Tumors for general medicine contains information on the international classification of brain tumors, discusses primary and secondary brain tumors. It deals with the etiology and pathogenesis of brain tumors, clinical symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors - symptomatic medical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and neurosurgical treatment.

This lecture provides an overview of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, focusing on multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The presentation summarizes the current knowledge of their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and differential diagnosis.