Internal Medicine

The presentations are a set of lectures intended for students of the 4th year of general medicine. The individual lectures are correlated with the current syllabus of the subject Internal Medicine 2 in the winter term of the fourth year of study. Gain basic theoretical knowledge of endocrinology, diabetology and hematology, get acquainted with the examination procedures used in these diseases.

Toxicology I - diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in acute and chronic poisonings, mushroons, drugs, toxicomania.Toxicology II - poisoning by organic compounds (ethanol and methanol, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates) and inorganic compounds (heavy metals, CO). Professional diseases of the respiratory system -pneumoconiosis, professional asthma, professional rhinitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Damage to the body from physical causes - vibration, prolonged excessive unilateral load, noise, electromagnetic radiation. Geriatrics - the most common diseases in the elderly, specifics of treatment, preoperative preparation of elderly patients. Geriatric cardiology and cardiac geriatrics.Clinical geriatrics.

Problem-based teaching with a differential diagnostic approach to individual diseases within the sub-disciplines and mastering the issue of acute conditions in individual sub-disciplines. Differential diagnosis of jaundice. Alcoholic liver disease. Acid – base balance disorders. Immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory, immunosupressive and immunorestaurant treatment. Syncope. Shock.Paraneoplastic syndrome. Differential diagnosis of chest pain. Medical genetics in clinical practice. Focal infection and sepsis. Fever – differential diagnosis in internal medicine. Differential diagnosis of oedema in internal medicine.

Heart failure, Arrhytmias, Coronary heart disease - clinical symptomatology - diagnosis and treatment (including acute myocardial infarction), Tromboembolic disease - Acute and chronic pulmonary heart disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Bronchial asthma - Tumors of the lung pneumonias, Diabetes mellitus 1. and 2. type - treatment - main acute and chronic complications of DM, Diseases of the peripheral veins

Fever and subfebrility. Focal infection and sepsis. Disorders of the electrolyte metabolism. Treatment with glucocorticoids. Anemias, Leukemia, Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases. Platelet disorders. Hemophilia and other coagulation disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis. Systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases. Chest pain, differential diagnosis. Acute cardiology. Shock and syncope. Acute states in gastroenterology and hepatology. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Acute states in endocrinology. Principles of using ATB, corticoid treatment, contraindications and other higher effects. Acute pneumology.

The presentations are a set of lectures intended for students of the 3rd year of general medicine. The individual lectures are correlated with the current syllabus of the subject Internal Medicine - Propedeutics in the winter term of the thrid year of study. Basic clinical nomenclature, evaluation of anamnestic data and physical examination in internal medicine. Evaluation of basic auxiliary examination methods.

Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemias. Anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapy. Blood transfusion. Haemostasis and its disorders. Investigation methods in gastroenterology and hepatology. Diseases of the oesophagus. Disorders of the stomach and doudenum. Disorders of the small bowel. Malabsorption. Inflammatory bowel diseases. Tumours of the small and large bowel. The Pancreas Disorders of the gallbladder and biliary tract. Chronic hepatitis. Liver tumors Acute states in gastroenterology. Metabolic and toxic liver diseases. Liver cirrhosis. Hepatic failure. Immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory and immunosupressive treatment. Treatment with glucocorticoids.

Virtual scenarios for medical semiology are developed and improved within projects’ activities of the authors and their primary aim is to foster development of critical thinking in students of medical and healthcare disciplines. Individual patient simulations contribute to the case-based learning approach that is learning style close to the needs of practice. Furthermore, we expect their better preparation for bedside teaching.

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A breach in the integrity of the aortic wall allows arterial blood to enter the media, which is then split into two layers, creating a “false lumen“ alongside the existing or “true lumen“. The primary event is often a spontaneous or iatrogenic tear in the intima of the aorta. Disease of the aorta and hypertension are the most important aetiological factors. The aortic dissection is a relatively rare condition, but it may rupture and have fatal consequences. The case report describes a dissection of the descending aorta in a 55-year-old patient.

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Cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by the accumulation of fluid or gas in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ventricular filling and therefore decreased cardiac output (Figure 1). The condition is a medical emergency with resultant cardiogenic shock and death if not treated immediately. The presented case report describes a 63-year-old oncological patient who developed cardiac tamponade with the need of pericardiocentesis.

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