4th Department of Internal Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine

The presentations are a set of lectures intended for students of the 4th year of general medicine. The individual lectures are correlated with the current syllabus of the subject Internal Medicine 2 in the winter term of the fourth year of study. Gain basic theoretical knowledge of endocrinology, diabetology and hematology, get acquainted with the examination procedures used in these diseases.

Problem-based teaching with a differential diagnostic approach to individual diseases within the sub-disciplines and mastering the issue of acute conditions in individual sub-disciplines. Differential diagnosis of jaundice. Alcoholic liver disease.Acid – base balance disorders. Immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory, immunosupressive and immunorestaurant treatment.Syncope. Shock.Paraneoplastic syndrome.Differential diagnosis of chest pain.Medical genetics in clinical practice.Focal infection and sepsis. Fever – differential diagnosis in internal medicine.Differential diagnosis of oedema in internal medicine.

Autoimmune hepatitis is chronic hepatitis associated with hypergammaglobulinaemia and the presence of circulating autoantibodies. In most cases it responds favorably to immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is challenging, in general, all other possible causes of chronic hepatitis should be excluded. The case report describes a case of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in a 69-year-old patient.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, mostly with a chronic course, that can affect almost all important organs, most commonly skin, joints, heart and vessels, kidneys, central nervous system and lungs. The disease is characterized by B-lymphocyte hyperactivity, which leads to the formation of autoantibodies predominantly directed against non-specific antigens. This case study describes a case of SLE with multiple organ complications in a 29-year-old female patient.

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Myocarditis is an acute inflammatory condition that can have an infectious, toxic or autoimmune aetiology. Myocarditis can complicate many infections in which inflammation may be due directly to infection of the myocardium or the effects of circulating toxins. The clinical picture ranges from a symptomless disorder, sometimes recognised by the presence of an inappropriate tachycardia or abnormal ECG, to fulminant heart failure. Myocarditis may be heralded by an influenza-like illness. In most patients, the disease is self-limiting and the immediate prognosis is excellent. However, death may occur due to a ventricular arrhythmia or rapidly progressive heart failure. Myocarditis has been reported as a cause of sudden and unexpected death in young athletes. Some forms of myocarditis may lead to chronic low-grade myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy. The case report describes a case of parainfectious myocarditis in a 20-year-old patient.

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