1st Department of Internal Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Medicine, http://www.lf.upjs.sk/info/1ik.html

The presentations are a set of lectures intended for students of the 4th year of general medicine. The individual lectures are correlated with the current syllabus of the subject Internal Medicine 2 in the winter term of the fourth year of study. Gain basic theoretical knowledge of endocrinology, diabetology and hematology, get acquainted with the examination procedures used in these diseases.

Problem-based teaching with a differential diagnostic approach to individual diseases within the sub-disciplines and mastering the issue of acute conditions in individual sub-disciplines. Differential diagnosis of jaundice. Alcoholic liver disease. Acid – base balance disorders. Immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory, immunosupressive and immunorestaurant treatment. Syncope. Shock.Paraneoplastic syndrome. Differential diagnosis of chest pain. Medical genetics in clinical practice. Focal infection and sepsis. Fever – differential diagnosis in internal medicine. Differential diagnosis of oedema in internal medicine.

Heart failure, Arrhytmias, Coronary heart disease - clinical symptomatology - diagnosis and treatment (including acute myocardial infarction), Tromboembolic disease - Acute and chronic pulmonary heart disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Bronchial asthma - Tumors of the lung pneumonias, Diabetes mellitus 1. and 2. type - treatment - main acute and chronic complications of DM, Diseases of the peripheral veins

Fever and subfebrility. Focal infection and sepsis. Disorders of the electrolyte metabolism. Treatment with glucocorticoids. Anemias, Leukemia, Myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases. Platelet disorders. Hemophilia and other coagulation disorders. Rheumatoid arthritis. Systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases. Chest pain, differential diagnosis. Acute cardiology. Shock and syncope. Acute states in gastroenterology and hepatology. Gastrointestinal bleeding. Acute states in endocrinology. Principles of using ATB, corticoid treatment, contraindications and other higher effects. Acute pneumology.

Investigation methods in nephrology.Nephrotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis of proteinuria.Acute renal failure. Dialysis. Chronic renal failure. Kidney transplantation. Tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Nephrolithiasis.Glomerular diseases. Glomerulonephritis.Investigation methods in rheumatology, Rheumatoid arthritis. Spondylarthropaties. Metabolic (crystal) induced arthropaties. Vasculitis . Systemic connective tissue diseases - SLE, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis. Sjogren syndrome. Immunity, autoimmunity. Imunodeficiency endash; hereditary and acquired. Allergy. Metabolic bone diseases. Fluid and electrolyte disorders.

Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemias. Anticoagulation and fibrinolytic therapy. Blood transfusion. Haemostasis and its disorders. Investigation methods in gastroenterology and hepatology. Diseases of the oesophagus. Disorders of the stomach and doudenum. Disorders of the small bowel. Malabsorption. Inflammatory bowel diseases. Tumours of the small and large bowel. The Pancreas Disorders of the gallbladder and biliary tract. Chronic hepatitis. Liver tumors Acute states in gastroenterology. Metabolic and toxic liver diseases. Liver cirrhosis. Hepatic failure. Immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory and immunosupressive treatment. Treatment with glucocorticoids.

Lecture for 5- year subject Internal Medicine 4. Basic knowledge of disorders of the internal environment, their cause, diagnosis and principles of treatment of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. Metabolic processes ► acid/base ACIDS from carbohydrates and fat metabolism (15-20 000 mmol of CO2 daily) CO2 + H2O ►H2CO3 ►(carbonic anhydrase) H + HCO3 H + Hb in RBC ►released with oxygenation in the alveoli ►reversed reaction – H2O + CO2 – exhaled in each breath.