Substance related disorders, Eating disorders, Disorders of sleep, suicidality, stigma in psychiatry

Substance-induced disorders include medical conditions that can be directly attributed to the use of a substance. These conditions include intoxication, withdrawal, substance-induced delirium, substance-induced psychosis, and substance-induced mood disorders. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder. 

Each of these disorders has different yet sometimes overlapping symptoms. Several sleep-wake disorders exist, with insomnia being the most common. Other sleep-wake disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome. Sleep difficulties are associated with both physical and emotional problems. The American Psychological Association defines suicidality as the risk of suicide, usually indicated by suicidal ideation or intent, particularly as evident in the presence of a well-elaborated suicidal plan. It can also include suicidal thoughts, plans, gestures, or attempts. Stigma, as defined by Erving Goffman in his seminal work Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, is "an attribute that is deeply discrediting" and reduces someone "from a whole and usual person to a tainted, discounted one." The stigmatized are perceived as having a "spoiled identity."

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