Urolithiasis - Stone disease

The incidence of urolithiasis is 0.1-0.5-1%.The prevalence of of urolithiasis nearby 4%, in children 5,8/100, 000 children/year, M: F ratio 2:1. Recurency only once in a lifetime in about 50%. Different urolithiasis composition and metabolic changes in 50-75% pts. Etiology is unknown. There are multifactorial nature, endogenous, exogenous causes, intranefrotic, extranefrotic creation, metabolic disorders, local factors in the urinary tract as a small diuresis, immobilization, genetic factors-polygenic effect (RTAs and cystinuria), familial clustering, the impact of welfare (climate, social factors, physical activity, occupation, gender, age, ethnic and genetic influences, food, water, pregnancy, lactation, etc.).