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The work present actual view of acute and chronic heart failure in children. It is devoted to incidence, symptoms, diagnostics and managment of this disease mainly for student of fith and sixth year of general medicine, but can be suitable for nurses, postgradual physicians as well. The main part of the work consists in diagnostis procedure and disesaseś managment.

Kyphoscoliosis is a well-recognized cause of respiratory failure. Kyphoscoliosis is a chronic disease, occurring in 2-3% of the general population, which leads to a distorted spinal curvature and chest wall deformity. As a consequence, respiratory function is impaired due to reduced chest wall compliance and restrictive lung function pattern arises. The development of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has made it an accepted standard modality of care at the present time for patients with chronic respiratory failure caused by kyphoscoliosis. The presented case report describes a 49-year-old female with idiopathic kyphoscoliosis who developed chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure with the need of noninvasive ventilatory support.

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