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Haematuria is defined as the presence of red blood cells in the urine and represents a common urological symptom. It may be classified as microscopic or macroscopic, depending on whether it is detectable only by laboratory analysis or visible to the naked eye. Haematuria can originate from any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and urethra. The etiology of haematuria ranges from benign conditions to malignant urological diseases. Urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, and trauma are frequent non-malignant causes of haematuria. Painless macroscopic haematuria is considered a hallmark symptom of urothelial carcinoma until proven otherwise. A structured diagnostic evaluation is essential to identify the underlying cause of haematuria. Laboratory investigations, including urinalysis and urine cytology, play a key role in the diagnostic process. Imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography are used to assess the upper urinary tract. Cystoscopy remains the gold standard for evaluation of the lower urinary tract in patients with haematuria.