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Congenital anomalies of the urogenital system
.. but also, in many instances, make the kidneys more prone to pathology. Most frequent in human.. .. anomalies of the kidneys and ureters are numerous and not only potentially.. .. lecture deals with all the most important errors in urology, their diagnosis and.. ..keywords: ectopia, malrotation, kidney shape anomalies, duplex or bifid.. ..keywords: malrotation, kidney shape anomalies, duplex or bifid.. ..keywords: malrotation, kidney shape anomalies, duplex or bifid.. ..keywords: kidney shape anomalies, duplex or bifid ureter..

Renal colic
.. tract by urolithiasis. The pain typically originates in the flank and may radiate to the.. .. results from increased intraluminal pressure and ureteral smooth muscle spasm proximal to the.. .. pain (often very severe) radiating to the groin or scrotum, associated with nausea and vomiting... .. vomiting. Most frequent etiology is kidney or ureteral stone. Stone in the distal ureter close to the..

Vrodené anomálie uropoetického systému - patofyziológia, príznaky, diagnostika, operačná liečba
.. chyby uropoetického systému tvoria široké spektrum diagnóz od miernych odchýlok až.. .. eventuálne tvarové anomálie obličiek ako sú ren duplex, ren sigmoideus, ren arcuatus, ren fungiforme,.. .. sa tieto chyby vyskytujú u 3–5 % novorodencov, pričom niektoré sú asymptomatické a iné s.. .. je spojená s vrodenými malformáciami ako spina bifida a myelomeningocele, menej často s nádorovými al.. .. ide o poruchy vývoja metanephros, ureterického pupena alebo kloakálnej membrány, čo vedie ..

Urolithiasis
.. refers to the formation of calculi within the urinary tract and.. .. Urinary stones may occur in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The majority of urinary.. .. stones affect about 10 % of the population, more in men. The incidence is increasing due to rise.. .. may produce obstruction and subsequent pain from ureteral dilation and renal capsule distension. In the..

Vrodené anomálie mužského genitálu - príznaky, diagnostika, operačná liečba
.. liečbu týchto najčastejších anomálií. Kryptorchizmus – nezostúpenie semenníka/ov – .. ..orchizmus – nezostúpenie semenníka/ov – .. .. sú ďalšie vrodené vady ako hypospádia, skrotum bifidum, duplikácia MM, renálna agenéza alebo ek.. ..keywords: semenníka, kryptorchizmus, hypospádia, fimóza, h..

Laboratory, imaging and endoscopic examinations in urology
..oratory examinations in urology play a crucial role.. ..oratory investigations Dipstick urine testing:.. .. are used in the investigation of renal, ureteric, bladder, prostatic, and scrotal pathology... ..keywords: oratory examinations, imaging,.. ..keywords: oratory examinations, imaging,..

Haematuria
.. symptom. It may be classified as microscopic or macroscopic, depending on whether it is.. .. of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, and urethra. The etiology.. .. of hemoglobin to oxidize a chromogen indicator with the degree of the indicator color change.. .. by location: the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter) and the lower urinary tract (bladder and..