Materials for Lectures

Medical Biochemistry has an irreplaceable role in study of Dental Medicine. The students should learn about biochemical reactions taking place in the human body. The knowledge will help them better understand processes take place in the mouth. In firsts semester is study concentrated to metabolic processes connected with metabolism of nutrients (e.g. saccharides, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). In second semester is teaching focused to study metabolism of organs (e.g. liver, kidney), hard tissue and to oral biochemistry and pathobiochemistry (e.g. dental plaque, tooth decay and tartar).

The subject Medical Chemistry includes selected chapters from general, inorganic, physical, organic chemistry. Teaching focuses mainly on bioorganic chemistry, which is a static part and an introduction to the study of medical biochemistry. Knowledge of the structure and function of chemical substances and compounds, as well as their interaction and factors which can influence these interactions is very important for students of General Medicine. Medical Chemistry represent the basis especially for the study of Medical Biochemistry, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry.

The subject Medical Chemistry includes selected chapters from general, inorganic, physical and organic chemistry. Teaching focuses mainly on bioorganic chemistry, which is a static part and an introduction to the study of medical biochemistry. Knowledge of the structure and function of chemical substances and compounds, as well as their interaction and factors which can influence these interactions is important for students of Dental Medicine. We focused for information about dental materials, auxiliary dental materials and to the importance of the polymerisation in dentistry.

Lectures from the subject of Neurology 2 are intended for students of the fourth year of the study program General Medicine. The individual records of the lecturers explain the main topics according to the current curriculum of the subject, including the topics such as ischemic stroke and many more.

Commented records of practical seminars, which serve as an aid/notes to individual seminars in addition to the study of recommended literature. They are intended for students of general and dental medicine to study the subject of radiodiagnostics. They process individual imaging modalities and their application for specific indications.

Evidence Based Medicine is an elective course for General and Dental medicine students and its purpose is to provide them information how to systematically search a wide range of international medical journals applying strict criteria for the validity of research. The students will understand how the experts critically appraise the validity of the most clinically relevant articles and how their summaries can be utilized in clinical practice.

This work was supported by the national grant KEGA 011UPJŠ-4/2019 "Increasing of competences and critical thinking level in students of medical study programs using simulation tools of Problem-Based Learning and Evidence-Based Medicine".

Trauma is defined as a physical injury or a wound to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent. Trauma is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 10% of all mortalities. It accounts for approximately 5 million deaths each year worldwide and causes disability to millions more. About half of all deaths due to trauma are in people aged 15–45 years and in this age it is the leading cause of death.

Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs. Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs (testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis).

The incidence of urolithiasis is 0.1-0.5-1%.The prevalence of of urolithiasis nearby 4%, in children 5,8/100, 000 children/year, M: F ratio 2:1. Recurency only once in a lifetime in about 50%. Different urolithiasis composition and metabolic changes in 50-75% pts. Etiology is unknown. There are multifactorial nature, endogenous, exogenous causes, intranefrotic, extranefrotic creation, metabolic disorders, local factors in the urinary tract as a small diuresis, immobilization, genetic factors-polygenic effect (RTAs and cystinuria), familial clustering, the impact of welfare (climate, social factors, physical activity, occupation, gender, age, ethnic and genetic influences, food, water, pregnancy, lactation, etc.).

Infections of the urogenital system (UTI) are the second most common site of infection. They are non-specific / specific, potentially life-threatening, frequent site of hospital acquired infection. Etiology of UTI are 90% bacterial / non-specific, Gram-negative, e.g. E. coli 85%, - other enteral bact. (Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterococci), rare Gram- bacilli (Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, etc.), anaerobic inf. (abscess), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma), Fungal (Candida, Mycosis), Parasitic (Schistosomiasis, Trichomonas vag.), Viral (HPV, HSV 1 ,2; Herpes zoster-bladder).