Materials for Lectures

The lecture notes from the subject Medical Biophysics provide the students of General Medicine with the supporting information on lectured topics. A lecture series is dedicated to fundamental physical background of processes in human body on molecular, atomic and subatomic level. The main focus is directed towards the physical principles of diagnostic and therapeutic leading-edge medical technology units, as well as towards biophysical effects in human body after application of biophysical techniques, encountered side effects and safe, efficient usage of medical devices in practice. The subjects of molecular biophysics, membrane biophysics, and bioenergetics, respectively, are included here as well.

The incidence of urolithiasis is 0.1-0.5-1%.The prevalence of of urolithiasis nearby 4%, in children 5,8/100, 000 children/year, M: F ratio 2:1. Recurency only once in a lifetime in about 50%. Different urolithiasis composition and metabolic changes in 50-75% pts. Etiology is unknown. There are multifactorial nature, endogenous, exogenous causes, intranefrotic, extranefrotic creation, metabolic disorders, local factors in the urinary tract as a small diuresis, immobilization, genetic factors-polygenic effect (RTAs and cystinuria), familial clustering, the impact of welfare (climate, social factors, physical activity, occupation, gender, age, ethnic and genetic influences, food, water, pregnancy, lactation, etc.).

Infections of the urogenital system (UTI) are the second most common site of infection. They are non-specific / specific, potentially life-threatening, frequent site of hospital acquired infection. Etiology of UTI are 90% bacterial / non-specific, Gram-negative, e.g. E. coli 85%, - other enteral bact. (Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterococci), rare Gram- bacilli (Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, etc.), anaerobic inf. (abscess), atypical bacteria (chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma), Fungal (Candida, Mycosis), Parasitic (Schistosomiasis, Trichomonas vag.), Viral (HPV, HSV 1 ,2; Herpes zoster-bladder).

Developmental anomalies of the kidneys and ureters are numerous and not only potentially render image interpretation confusing but also, in many instances, make the kidneys more prone to pathology. Most frequent in human population (66%). High morbidity resulting from obstruction, infection, secondary urolithiasis, functional impairment (renal failure, hypertension, infertility).

The lecture provides information on the basic aspects of urological examination. It discusses the history of urological diseases, examinations and symptomatology, which are important in the examination of a urological patient. It deals with urinary disorders, changes in urine quality, urological causes of hematuria, endoscopic examination methods, USG and CT with a presentation of some typical findings.

In the medical profession, a general practitioner (GP) is a medical doctor who treats acute and chronic illnesses. Provides preventie care and health education to patients. A general practitioner manages types of illness that present in an undifferentiated way at an early stage of development, which may require urgent intervention. The holistic approach of general practice aims to take into consideration the biological, psychological, and social factors relevant to the care of each patient's illness.

Lectures are intended for students of general medicine as supplementary education material of Surgery 2. The lectures include: Surgery of the neck, thyroid gland and parathyroid gland; Surgery of the thoracic wall; Surgery of the breast; Surgery of the mediastinum, esophagus and diaphragm and many other related topics.

Lectures are intended for students of general medicine as supplementary education material of Surgical Propedeutics. The lectures include: Introduction to Surgery – propedeutic study, History development of surgery, Patient history and symptoms of surgical diseases and its value for establishment of proper diagnosis, Basic principles of clinical examination and many other related topics.

Lectures from the subject Neurology are intended for students of the study program Dental Medicine. In individual audiovisual recordings, students will be explained topics according to the curriculum of the subject, while they include e.g. cranial nerves, sensitivity, central and peripheral paralysis, cortical syndromes, speech and its disorders, symbolic functions and more.

The integral part of the course Medical Biophysics for General Medicine besides the lectures is also the practical exercise which is closely associated with the lectured topics. The present contribution involves the documentation of practical exercises on Medical Biophysics for students of General Medicine. The first part includes the theoretical background to selected topics whereas the second part includes the empty reports for each topic.